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Conducted within the framework of the doctoral program for engineers in the field of bridges, waters and forests ("Ingénieurs des Ponts, des Eaux et des Forêts", or IPEF, in French), this PhD aims to study the effects of climate change on the French agricultural land market and the capacity of the land tenure system to adapt to these changes. On the one hand, the aim is to quantify the possible changes in the structure and functioning of the agricultural land market induced by changes in land uses and the various "climate shocks", and the possible consequences on the structures of French farms. On the other hand, a qualitative approach will allow to confront the current land tenure system with the prospective results obtained and to question its capacity to adapt to market changes and to ensure an optimal distribution of land use rights with respect to future societal and environmental issues. The thesis is co-directed by Cathie Laroche-Dupraz and Laurent Piet.